Percepção de enfermeiros sobre o uso do computador no trabalho / Perception of nurses on the use of computer at the work / Resumen percepción de enfermeros sobre el uso de la computadora en el trabajo

Estudo que teve como objetivo apreender a percepção de enfermeiros sobre o uso do computador no ambiente de trabalho hospitalar. Participaram 14 enfermeiros de um hospital público. A coleta de dados realizou-se por meio de entrevista gravada e Diário de Campo. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com a técnica Análise de Conteúdo. Das entrevistas emergiram seis categorias temáticas abordando aspectos positivos tais como: rapidez, legibilidade e exatidão das informações; maior segurança do paciente e melhorias na qualidade do cuidado. Dentre os aspectos negativos se destacaram a conduta de copiar e colar as Prescrições Médicas e de Enfermagem; falta de computadores e distanciamento do enfermeiro do paciente. Apesar das fragilidades relatadas, os enfermeiros manifestaram-se favoráveis ao uso da tecnologia computacional no trabalho e indicaramna como recurso indispensável à qualidade do cuidado.

The objective of this study was to apprehend the perception nurses have on the use of computer in the hospital environment. Took part in the study 14 nurses of a public hospital. Collection of data took place through recorded interview and Field Diary. Data was analyzed according to Content Analysis technique. Six thematic categories emerged from the interviews such as the one that approached the positive aspects: speed, legibility and accuracy of the information; patients' safety and; improvements in the quality of care. Among the negative aspects copy and paste the Medical Prescriptions and Nursing; lack of computers and the nurse distancing to the patient were highlighted. In spite of the fragilities, they were all in favor of the use of computer technology at the work and they pointed it as indispensable resource to the quality of care.

Estudio que tuvo como objetivo aprehender la percepción de enfermeros sobre el uso de la computadora en el ambiente de trabajo hospitalario. Participaron 14 enfermeros de un hospital público. La recolección de datos fue realizado por medio de entrevista grabada y Diario de Campo. Los datos fueron analizados de acuerdo con la técnica Análisis de Contenido. De las entrevistas emergieron seis categorías temáticas como aquella que abarcó los aspectos positivos tales como: rapidez, legibilidad y exactitud de las informaciones; mayor seguridad del paciente y; mejorías en la calidad del cuidado. Entre los aspectos negativos se destacaron la conducta de copiar y pegar las Prescripciones Médicas y de Enfermería; falta de computadoras y alejamiento del enfermero con el paciente. A pesar de las fragilidades, todos se manifestaron favorables al uso de la tecnología computacional en el trabajo y la señalaron como recurso indispensable a la calidad del cuidado.

Evaluación biológica de 99mTc-voriconazol como potencial agente de diagnóstico de infecciones fúngicas por centellografía gamma / Biological evaluation of voriconazole with 99mTc for the diagnosis of fungal infections

El avance del HIV ha favorecido el aumento de infecciones fúngicas como candidiasis y aspergilosis invasivas. Varias clases de antifúngicos son utilizados para el tratamiento de las mismas y éstos pueden ser radiomarcados con un agente emisor gamma que permita la detección mediante centellografia de focos de infección. El Voriconazol es un triazol adecuado para la marcación mediante la formación de un complejo unido al precursor [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+. El objetivo fue marcar y determinar las características fisicoquímicas y biológicas del voriconazol con 99mTc para la detección temprana de infecciones. La pureza radioquímica se determinó por HPLC y permitió establecer que el complejo permanece estable durante al menos 120 min. Los estudios in vivo en modelos de inflamación estéril, infección con C. Albicans y A. Niger mostraron diferenciación de los procesos tanto en biodistribución como en imágenes centellográficas.

The spread of HIV has led to an increase of fungal infections such as candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis. Several types of antifungals are used to treat them and some of them can be radiolabeled with a gamma emitting agent to allow detection by scintigraphy of foci of infection. Voriconazole is a triazole agent, suitable for the synthesis of a complex linked with the precursor [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+. The aim of his work was to label and determine the physicochemical and biological characteristics of voriconazole with 99mTc for the early detection of fungal infections. Radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC and the complex remained stable during at least 120 min. In vivo studies in rats bearing either sterile inflammation, infection with C. Albicans or A. Niger showed differentiation of the processes not only in biosdistribution but also in scintigraphic images.

Monitoring imatinib plasma concentrations in chronic myeloid leukemia

Imatinib has proved to be effective in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, but plasma levels above 1,000 ng/mL must be achieved to optimize activity. Therapeutic drug monitoring of imatinib is useful for patients that do not present clinical response. There are several analytical methods to measure imatinib in biosamples, which are mainly based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric or diode array spectrophotometric detection. The former is preferred due to its lower cost and wider availability. The present manuscript presents a review of the clinical and analytical aspects of the therapeutic drug monitoring of imatinib in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. The review includes references published over the last 10 years. There is evidence that the monitoring of plasmatic levels of imatinib is an useful alternative, especially considering the wide pharmacokinetic variability of this drug.

Analysis of imatinib in bone marrow and plasma samples of chronic myeloid leukaemia patients using solid phase extraction LC-ESI-MS

The LC-ESI-MS was developed and validated for the analysis of imatinib in plasma and bone marrow samples using deuterated imatinib [D[8]-IM] as an internal standard. The biological samples were extracted using Strata-X-C SPE cartridges and separated on C[8] column [50 x 3 mm, 3 microm], and methanol: 0.1% formic acid [70:30] was delivered at the rate of 0.7 ml/min as a mobile phase. Imatinib was quantified in samples by monitoring the ions m/z 494.3 for imatinib and 502.3 for D[8]-imatinib on mass spectrometer. The method was linear in the concentration range of 1-1500 ng/250 microl in spiked human plasma samples and limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL. Inter-day and intra-day variations in spiked human plasma spiked with 50, 250 and 500 ng /mL were less than 3.16%. The repeatability and reproducibility and other parameters of the methods were also validated. The method was employed for the analysis of the imatinib in human plasma and bone marrow samples. The drug levels in bone marrow and plasma samples were correlated to the degree of cytogenetic response. No significant difference of imatinib level between blood and bone marrow in IM-treated patients dosed to steady state was observed

Repercussão cardiovascular, com e sem álcool, do carbonato de lodenafila, um novo inibidor da PDE5 / Repercusión cardiovascular, con y sin alcohol, del carbonato de lodenafila, un nuevo inhibidor de la PDE5 / Cardiovascular repercussion of lodenafil carbonate, a new PDE5 inhibitor, with and without alcohol consumption

FUNDAMENTO: A disfunção erétil afeta um grande número de homens no mundo e os inibidores de PDE 5 (iPDE5) estão entre os principais métodos de tratamento desses pacientes. O consumo social de álcool e o ato sexual apresentam uma relação considerável. Portanto, a associação entre álcool e iPDE5 pode ocorrer. O carbonato de lodenafila é um novo iPDE5 desenvolvido por uma empresa brasileira. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a repercussão cardiovascular do carbonato de lodenafila, associado ou não ao álcool, assim como as alterações na farmacocinética que esta associação possa determinar. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado com 15 voluntários sadios que receberam em momentos diferentes o carbonato de lodenafila (CL) na dose de 160 mg em jejum, CL (160 mg) com álcool, ou somente placebo. Esses pacientes foram monitorados por 24 horas, sendo avaliado o quadro clínico, a pressão arterial (PA), a frequência cardíaca (FC), o intervalo QT e também os dados de farmacocinética. RESULTADOS: O carbonato de lodenafila, isoladamente ou associado com álcool, não determinou alterações clínicas significativas na PA ou FC, embora tenha ocorrido diminuição da PA estatisticamente significativa após 4 horas, nos voluntários que receberam medicamento e álcool, assim como um aumento da FC após 6 horas nos pacientes que receberam o CL. A análise do intervalo QT corrigido não mostrou alteração significativa. O álcool aumentou a biodisponibilidade do medicamento em 74 por cento. Houve somente 2 queixas de cefaleia leve, possivelmente associada ao medicamento. CONCLUSÃO: O carbonato de lodenafila, mesmo associado ao álcool, não determinou repercussões clínicas importantes na PA, FC, ou alterações no intervalo QTc; a ingestão com álcool, por sua vez, aumentou significativamente sua biodisponibilidade.

BACKGROUND: Millions of men around the world suffer from erectile dysfunction, for which phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE-5 inhibitors) are currently the first treatment option. Sexual activity and alcohol consumption are closely related, and the simultaneous use of alcohol and PDE-5 inhibitors can happen. Lodenafil carbonate is a new PDE-5 inhibitor, developed by a Brazilian pharmaceutical company. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed at evaluating the cardiovascular safety of lodenafil carbonate, with and without simultaneous alcohol consumption. METHODS: Fifteen male volunteers received 160 mg lodenafil carbonate (LC), in three different moments. Participants were assigned to three groups, treated with LC in fasting condition, with alcohol or receiving only placebo. The volunteers were continuously monitored during 24 hours for physical impairment, blood pressure, heart rate, QT interval and lodenafil's pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: Lodenafil carbonate alone or with alcohol did not induce clinically relevant modifications in arterial blood pressure or heart rate. A statistically significant decrease in blood pressure was seen four hours after LC and alcohol intake, and an increase in heart rate six hours after intake of lodenafil carbonate alone. The QTc interval was not significantly modified. Lodenafil carbonate bioavailability was increased in 74 percent when drug intake was associated with alcohol. CONCLUSION: These results show that the use of lodenafil carbonate did not have clinically relevant effects on blood pressure or heart rate, and was not associated with QT interval prolongation. The association of lodenafil carbonate and alcohol affected its pharmacokinetic properties, increasing the bioavailability of the drug.

FUNDAMENTO: La disfunción eréctil afecta a un gran número de hombres en el mundo y los inhibidores de PDE5 (iPDE5) están entre los principales métodos de tratamiento de estos pacientes. El consumo social de alcohol y el acto sexual presentan una relación considerable. Por lo tanto, puede ocurrir una asociación entre alcohol e iPDE5. El carbonato de lodenafila es un nuevo iPDE5 desarrollado por una empresa brasileña. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la repercusión cardiovascular del carbonato de lodenafila, asociado o no al alcohol, así como las alteraciones en la farmacocinética que esta asociación pueda determinar. MÉTODOS: Estudio realizado con 15 voluntarios sanos que recibieron en momentos diferentes el carbonato de lodenafila (CL) en la dosis de 160mg en ayunas, CL (160 mg) con alcohol, o solamente placebo. Estos pacientes fueron monitoreados por 24 horas, siendo evaluado el cuadro clínico, la presión arterial (PA), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), el intervalo QT y también los datos de farmacocinética. RESULTADOS: El carbonato de lodenafila, aisladamente o asociado con alcohol, no determinó alteraciones clínicas significativas en la PA o FC, aunque se haya registrado una disminución de la PA estadísticamente significativa después de 4 horas en los voluntarios que recibieron medicamento y alcohol, así como un aumento de la FC después de 6 horas en los pacientes que recibieron el CL. El análisis del intervalo QT corregido no mostró alteración significativa. El alcohol aumentó la biodisponibilidad del medicamento en un 74 por ciento. Se registraron sólo 2 quejas de cefalea leve, posiblemente asociada al medicamento. CONCLUSIÓN: El carbonato de lodenafila, aun asociado al alcohol, no determinó repercusiones clínicas importantes en la PA, FC, o alteraciones en el intervalo QTc; la ingestión con alcohol, a su vez, aumentó significativamente su biodisponibilidad.

HPLC determination of imatinib in plasma and tissues after multiple oral dose administration to mice

Imatinib inhibits Bcr-Abl, c-KIT and PDGFR kinases. It is approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia [CML], gastrointestinal stromal tumors [GIST] and has further therapeutic potential. Male ICR mice were given imatinib PO [50 or 25 mg/kg, 5 doses every 2 h]; euthanized 2 h after the last dose administration; plasma, liver, brain, spleen and kidney were collected and imatinib concentration measured by an optimized HPLC method for quantification in tissues. Methanol [1:1 v/v plasma] and pH 4, 40:30:30 [v/v/v] water-methanol-acetonitrile at 5 ml/g [brain] and 10 ml/g [spleen, kidney, liver] ratio was added to the samples, homogenized, sonicated, centrifuged [15, 000 rpm, 5 min, 2°C] and the supernatant injected into an Inertsil CN-3 column [4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 micro m] using 64:35:1 [v/v/v] water-methanol-triethylamine [pH 4.8], flow rate 1 ml/min, 25°C. Imatinib eluted at 7.5 min [268 nm]. Linearity: 0.1-50 micro g/ml; precision, accuracy, inter- and intra-day variability was within 15%. Recovery was above 95% [plasma], 80% [brain] and 90% [kidney, liver, spleen]. Imatinib tissue concentrations were 6-8 folds higher than plasma except brain, where the ratio decreased from 0.24 to 0.08 suggesting limited brain penetration, likely due to blood brain barrier efflux transporters. The extensive distribution supports the expansion of therapeutic applications

Bioequivalence study of 10 mg zaleplon tablets in Egyptian healthy volunteers

Development of a simple, rapid and routine assay of zaleplon [ZL] in plasma for the investigation of Zaleplon [ZL] pharmacokinetic parameters in human and to compare the bioequivalence parameters of 10 mg [ZL] tablets manufactured locally [Test] with originally [Reference]. The drug, after extraction from plasma, was chromatographic on a C-18 reversed- phase column and detected at 232 nm, the mobile phase consisted of 0.1M potassium dihydrogen phosphate: acetonitrile [35:65] V/V pH 4 adjusted with 5% orthophosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The bioequivalence study was performed according to a randomized, single dose, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence crossover study conducted on twenty-four healthy volunteers. The criteria used to assess bioequivalence of the two products were t max, C max, k ab, t ab, k 1/2el, t1/2el, AUC 0-12, and AUC 0-00. The described method for analysis showed that the recovery of ZL from plasma was 99.63% with a coefficient of variation of 0.321. Moreover, the 90% confidence intervals for the mean ratio [test/reference] of C max, AUC 0-12, and AUC 0-00 were within the acceptance range [80%-125%]. The HPLC method presented is direct, simple, reproducible, sensitive and linear for the determination of ZL in human plasma and is adequate for its clinical pharmacokinetic studies, besides, the Test was found to be bioequivalent to the Reference and both products can be considered interchangeable in medical practice

Biopharmaceutical studies of spirobishexahydropyrimidine.

Oral administration of spirobishexahydropyrimidine showed an increase in the activity of serum transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Biological half life and other pharmacokinetic parameters showed rapid absorption and slow elimination of the drug.